Concept of Matter in our Surrounding
Introduction :- We know that all the things around us of different variety,
shape and size is matter. Every thing is around us is called ‘matter’. The
things in our surrounding plants, animals, air…. etc all is called ‘Matter’.
According to early philosophers :- All things in our surrounding I made with
five things air, water, fire, sky and earth. But modern day philosophers added
two classification as Physical properties and Chemical properties.
Physical Nature of Matter
Matter is made of Particles :- All the matter in our
surrounding is made of particles. Particles is a smallest unit of matter. These
particles of matter is so small so that it can not be seen with naked eyes.
For example :- Sugar or Salt dissolved in water or other
liquid.
Particles of matter have space between them
All the particles in our surrounding have space between
them. This can be understand by an example :-
If we dissolve salt or sugar in water we can understand that
the salt or sugar particles dissolved in it. The particles of one matter take
place in between the space of other matter’s particles.
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Particles of matter continuously moving
We know that all the particles of matter is continuously
moving. It is called Kinetic energy of matter. It may effect on heating. When temperature
increases the Kinetic energy increases and particles moving fast.
Particles of matter attract each other
All the particles around us attract each other. They exert a
force of attraction on each other. The force of attraction between particles
are different for different types of particles.
State of Matter
In our day today life we are able to see different types of
Matter.
That can be classified in following
1. Solid- The objects around us having a fixed shape and
size and does not break in normal force, known as solid. The particles of solid
have their particles very close. It can not be broken easily but when we applied
an extra amount of force it can be broken. It can not melt easily. It melts at
higher temperature that is called ‘Melting Point’ It can not changes its state
of matter easily.
2. Liquid :- The liquid have no shape and size. The particles
of liquid have more space between them In compare to solid. It is very
important part for the survival of living things because all living things a
amount of oxygen. If we give a temperature to liquid it easily changes its
state of matter from liquid to gas.
3. Gas :- The particles of gases is so far in compare to
liquid and solid. So it is easily dissolved in atmosphere.
For example :- If we open a bottle of ‘Deo’ , it easily
dissolved in atmosphere because the particles of gas is so far that is why the
force of attraction between them is less, so the particles are free to move in
any direction.
It has a big role in our daily life like liquid petroleum
gas ( LPG ) used in our houses for cooking.
Compressed Natural gas ( CNG ) in our vehicles and Oxygen in
hospitals.
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Effect of temperature
Any state of particles are effected on heating as follows :-
1. On heating the kinetic energy of particles increases.
2. Due to increases in kinetic energy the speed of particles
increases.
3. In solid state, on heating particles transferred heat to
their nearest particles.
4. In liquid, on heating particles changes its matter of
state from liquid to gas.
5. In gases, on heating particles moving very fast and
moving in different directions.
On Heating
Solid State ------ Liquid
------- Gases
It can be reversed on cooling.
Effect of change of Pressure
By applying the pressure the gases can be change in liquefied
state. As in LPG cylinder, in LPG cylinder the gas is compressed and filled in
liquid form. Another example of this is Fire Cylinder, the gas carbon di-oxide
is filled at high pressure. It is also known as ‘Dry Ice’.
Evaporation
The change in the state of matter from liquid to gases on a
certain temperature below its Boiling Point, known as Evaporation.
Factors affecting evaporation
1. Change in Surface Area
2. Change in temperature
3. Change in Humidity
4. Change in wind Speed
Note 1 :- Due to the process of our bodies which keep us
cool. The energy from surrounding changes into vapor. Cotton is a good absorber
of water so it help in easy evaporation with atmosphere.
Note 2 :- We generally see water droplets, on ice cold water
bottle. The water vapor present in air is in the contact of cold bottle losses
energy and converted into liquid which we are see generally on cold water bottles.
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