Natural Resources ( Part – 6 )
The Carbon Cycle
As we know that
Carbon is found in different elements in elementary form like as diamond and
graphite . It is found in carbon – di – oxide in our atmosphere . In various
minerals it is found in carbonate and carbonate salts . All life forms are
based on carbon containing molecules like proteins , carbohydrates , fats ,
nucleic acid . Carbon is also incorporated in life cycle in the process of
photosynthesis which is formed in the presence of sunlight. This process
converts carbon dioxide into glucose molecules from the atmosphere or dissolved
in water . These glucose molecules are converted into other molecules or used
to provide energy .
The utilisation
of glucose is to provide energy to living things involves the process of respiration
in which oxygen may be used or may not be used to convert back glucose into
carbon dioxide . This carbon dioxide goes back to the atmosphere . The amount
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases due to the combustion of heating
, cooking , transportation etc. Due to the burning of fossil fuel , the amount
of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere increases .
The greenhouse effect
We know that heat is trapped inside the glass so the
temperature inside the glass is more than surrounding . So the temperature is
maintained during winters . this is known as Greenhouse . Some gases escapes
from earth surface that increases the average temperature of the atmosphere in
world wide . This is known as greenhouse effect . Carbon dioxide gas is one of
the green house effect gas . An increase in the carbon dioxide gas cause more
heat in atmosphere and leads to global warming .
The oxygen cycle
We know that oxygen is very important for our survival on
earth . In our atmosphere , 21 % of our atmosphere is oxygen gas . It also find
in crust form in our atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide .
It is also found in our atmosphere in the form of oxides of
metals . It is also a essential component of carbohydrates , fats , nucleic
acid and proteins . When we are talking about oxygen cycle , it means
maintaining the amount of oxygen in atmosphere . The oxygen of atmosphere is
used for combustion , respiration and in the formation of oxide of nitrogen .
But it is restored only by the process of photosynthesis . We know that oxygen
is most important for respiration but in the process of nitrogen fixing by
bacteria does not take place in the presence of oxygen .
Ozone Layer
The elemental oxygen is normally found in our atmosphere in the
form of diatomic molecules . In the upper the molecules contains three molecules
of oxygen that is known as Ozone . In compare to diatomic molecules and ozone ,
ozone is poisonous . We are very lucky that ozone is not near to earths surface
. But in other hand ozone protects us from harmful radiations by the sun .
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Now days a very common problem is Ozone layer depletion .
This is causes due to the more and more use of different man made things like refrigerator
, A.C. . These equipments releases chlorine and fluorine free radical that
react with ozone and make a hole in ozone layer . Many people are working
towards stopping all further damage to the ozone layer .
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