Nature Resources ( part – 4 )
Mineral Riches in the Soil
Soil is a main
part that decide the density of people in that area. If the soil is good it
means we can grow many crops that full fill our basic need of food and also if
the soil is good then the number of tree are more that is good for our health.
The outer most
layer of the earth is called crust. The minerals found in this layer supply the
variety of nutrients . If these layer are found in rocks , they are not useful
for us . After a long time these rocks breaks down due to the physical ,
chemical or biological change and break into small particles of soil .
Factors or Process of making soil
The sun :- In the day time the temperature is high that
heats the rocks. Due to the heating of rocks the particles of rocks expands. In
other hand in the night the temperature is less, then these rocks contact.
But all the particles of rocks are not heating identically
and not cool down identically, due to this the cracks are taking place. These
cracks break down the rocks in long time.
Water :- Water helps in the formation of soil in two ways
First way :- We have already learnt that the sun creates the
cracks in the rocks above. If the water flowing in these cracks and after that water
is freezing. Then in this situation the cracks of rocks getting bigger and
bigger.
Second way :- When the water is flowing with very high speed
and falls on the rocks or rocks comes in the way of flowing water. The water
rubs the rocks to wear down smaller and smaller particles and the water flowing
with these particles and throwing down after long run. That’s why rocks are to
far from the soil. It is long term process.
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Wind :- Like the water the strong winds also rubs the rocks
and wear them down. This sand carried by the wind as like water from one place
to other place.
Living Organisms :- Living organisms also helps the
formation of soil. The lichen that we read in earlier also grown on the surface
of rocks and release some substance that cause the surface of rocks in powder and
form a small layer of soil. These layers are helpful to grow small plants and
some big plants.
The roots of these plants some time goes into the cracks of
rocks and increases the cracks and break down the rocks into small particles.
Soil is a mixture of rocks particles and also contains
decayed living organisms called Humus. The type of size is decided by the
average size of soil and the quality of soil decided by amount of organisms in
the soil. The more organisms found then the soil is more fertile.
The topmost layer of soil that contains nutrients and micro
organisms called topsoil is more important for the soil. It decide the diversity
of life in that particular area. In modern days forming we are widely using
fertilizers and pesticides. More use of these fertilizers and pesticides
disturb the basic composition of soil and kills the diversity of organisms that
live in it, called soil pollution.
The soil we today see in one place, is created after a long
period of time. If the soil is not present we are not able to get valuable
organisms. The roots of plants is a main source of preventing soil erosion. The large scale deforestation in all over the
world disturbing bio-diversity and also a main cause of soil erosion. The
topsoil is remover quickly. This accelerate in hills and mountains, this is not
simple to reverse. This vegetative cover on the ground has a role to play in
the percolation of water into the deeper layer too.
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